Other operating income
Other operating income comprises mainly the recharge of the remuneration of the Business Unit (BU) heads of the Group to the principal entities of these BUs amounting to €11 million (CHF 10 million), and the recharge of corporate costs of €27 million (CHF 25 million) to DSM Services B.V. In 2024, the amounts were €9 million (CHF 8 million) and €28 million (CHF 27 million) respectively.
Other operating expense
Other operating expense mainly includes insurance premiums, audit fees and other consultancy expenses.