9 Property, plant and equipment

Accounting policy

Property, plant and equipment owned

Items of Property, plant and equipment owned are measured at cost less depreciation calculated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives and less any impairment losses. Borrowing costs during construction are capitalized when the underlying asset under construction meets the recognition criteria of a qualifying asset.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group. Expenditures relating to major scheduled turnarounds are capitalized and depreciated over the period up to the next turnaround.

The estimated remaining lives of assets are reviewed every year, taking account of commercial and technological obsolescence as well as normal wear and tear. The initially assumed expected useful lives are in principle as follows:

  • Buildings 10–50 years
  • Plant and equipment 4–15 years
  • Land is not depreciated

An item of property, plant and equipment owned is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use or the sale of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset is recorded in profit or loss.

Right-of-use assets (leases)

dsm-firmenich mainly leases offices, warehouses, vehicles, machinery, and other equipment.

The Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. Right-of-use assets are measured at cost less any depreciation on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term, less any impairment losses, and adjusted for remeasurements of the lease liability. In line with the initially assumed expected useful life of the corresponding asset class within Property, plant and equipment, the minimum expected lease term for building leases is in principle 10 years. However, the contractual terms or specific circumstances could require applying the shorter non-cancellable period in determining the expected lease term. For vehicle leases, the expected lease term is set equal to the contractual term (4–5 years).

Impairment of Property, plant and equipment

If there is an indication of impairment, the carrying amount of an item of Property, plant and equipment or the cash generating unit (CGU) to which it belongs is reviewed and the recoverable amount of the asset or the CGU is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed when there has been a change in estimate that is relevant for the determination of the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized.

Estimates and judgments

Key estimates and judgments dsm-firmenich makes in the accounting for items of property, plant and equipment relate to:

  • The depreciation period of items of property, plant and equipment, which depend on their useful lives
  • The determination of the lease term for lease contracts based on assessment of available renewal options. Estimates are based on the underlying asset class, past practices and current business outlooks
  • The estimation and allocation of future cash flows, growth rates, discount rates and fair values minus costs of disposal for the impairment testing of items of property, plant and equipment. These estimates are based on historical and current market rates, experience, and current business outlooks
Composition of Property, plant and equipment

 

 

2023

 

2022

Property, plant and equipment owned

 

5,156

 

3,402

Right-of-use assets

 

393

 

174

Total

 

5,549

 

3,576

Property, plant and equipment owned

 

 

Land and buildings

 

Plant and equipment

 

Under construction

 

Not used for operating activities

 

Total

Balance at 1 January 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost

 

2,108

 

5,707

 

564

 

8

 

8,387

Depreciation and impairments

 

946

 

3,673

 

1

 

-

 

4,620

Carrying amount at 1 January 2022

 

1,162

 

2,034

 

563

 

8

 

3,767

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in carrying amount:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- Capital expenditure

 

7

 

48

 

443

 

-

 

498

- Put into operation

 

70

 

303

 

(373)

 

-

 

-

- Acquisitions

 

2

 

1

 

-

 

-

 

3

- Disposals and deconsolidations

 

(55)

 

(161)

 

(22)

 

-

 

(238)

- Depreciation

 

(71)

 

(271)

 

-

 

-

 

(342)

- Impairment losses

 

(2)

 

(16)

 

-

 

-

 

(18)

- Exchange differences

 

28

 

42

 

9

 

-

 

79

- Reclassification to held for sale

 

(55)

 

(243)

 

(42)

 

-

 

(340)

- Transfer to RoU assets

 

2

 

(2)

 

(6)

 

(2)

 

(8)

- Other changes

 

2

 

(1)

 

-

 

-

 

1

 

 

(72)

 

(300)

 

9

 

(2)

 

(365)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at 31 December 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost

 

1,929

 

4,625

 

572

 

6

 

7,132

Depreciation and impairments

 

839

 

2,891

 

-

 

-

 

3,730

Carrying amount at 31 December 2022

 

1,090

 

1,734

 

572

 

6

 

3,402

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in carrying amount:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- Capital expenditure

 

13

 

48

 

510

 

-

 

571

- Put into operation

 

38

 

259

 

(297)

 

-

 

-

- Acquisitions

 

960

 

684

 

222

 

-

 

1,866

- Disposals and deconsolidations

 

(5)

 

10

 

(12)

 

-

 

(7)

- Depreciation

 

(107)

 

(321)

 

-

 

-

 

(428)

- Impairment losses

 

(68)

 

(200)

 

18

 

-

 

(250)

- Exchange differences

 

51

 

(34)

 

(4)

 

-

 

13

- Reclassification to held for sale

 

(5)

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

(5)

- Other reclassifications

 

65

 

129

 

(200)

 

-

 

(6)

 

 

942

 

575

 

237

 

-

 

1,754

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at 31 December 2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost

 

2,956

 

5,642

 

809

 

6

 

9,413

Depreciation and impairments

 

925

 

3,332

 

-

 

-

 

4,257

Carrying amount at 31 December 2023

 

2,031

 

2,310

 

809

 

6

 

5,156

In 2023, impairment losses of €250 million (2022: €18 million) were recognized on Property, plant and equipment, which mainly relate to the impairment of the Jiangshan site (€119 million) and the impairment of the vitamin B6 production line on the Xinghuo site (€106 million). See also Note 2 Alternative performance measures.

For acquisitions, see Note 3 Change in the scope of consolidation.

Right-of-use assets

 

 

Land and buildings

 

Plant and equipment

 

Total

Balance at 1 January 2022

 

136

 

61

 

197

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in carrying amount:

 

 

 

 

 

 

New leases/terminations

 

8

 

14

 

22

Remeasurements

 

12

 

-

 

12

Depreciation

 

(33)

 

(17)

 

(50)

Derecognition

 

(2)

 

-

 

(2)

Exchange rate differences

 

4

 

1

 

5

Reclassification to held for sale

 

(6)

 

(4)

 

(10)

 

 

(17)

 

(6)

 

(23)

Balance at 31 December 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost

 

219

 

92

 

311

Depreciation and impairments

 

(100)

 

(37)

 

(137)

Carrying amount at 31 December 2022

 

119

 

55

 

174

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in carrying amount:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquisition

 

130

 

33

 

163

New leases/terminations

 

117

 

21

 

138

Depreciation

 

(48)

 

(27)

 

(75)

Exchange rate differences

 

1

 

(1)

 

-

Impairments

 

(7)

 

-

 

(7)

 

 

193

 

26

 

219

Balance at 31 December 2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost

 

430

 

128

 

558

Depreciation and impairments

 

(118)

 

(47)

 

(165)

Carrying amount

 

312

 

81

 

393

For the disclosures on the lease liabilities that correspond with the right-of-use assets, see Note 19 Borrowings.

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